Esagil-kin-apli was a Babylonian physician who served the king during the first Babylonian dynasty early in the 2nd millennium BC (around 1069-1046 BC). Among his accomplishments were his additions to the (Diagnostic Handbook),

Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (129 A.D. – c. 200/c. 216), sometimes known as Galen of Pergamon, born in the ancient city of Pergamon (present-day Bergama, Turkey). Was a physician, surgeon and philosopher in the

Plato (424–347 BC) was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western