Alcmaeon of Croton
Alcmaeon of CrotonAlcmaeon of Croton lived in the city of Crotone in Magna Graecia (now southern Italy) around the beginning of th…
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Neuroscience 7000 Years Ago
Neuroscience 7,000 years ago is a virtual project concerned with the contributions of different civilizations toward the brain sciences since the Ancient Egyptians passing through different eras.
Civilizations through the ages
Click a civilization to read its articles.
Ancient Physicians
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Aristotle
AristotleAristotle the greatest natural philosopher of the ancient world. Born in 384 B.C. (Figure 1), Aristotle was a student of …
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Asclepius God of Medicine
Asclepius God of MedicineAsclepius or Hepius is a hero and god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology (Figure 1). He …
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Erasistratus
ErasistratusErasistratus was a physician of the Alexandrian era (c.305 BC – c.240 BC) Figure 1, who, together with Herophilus foun…
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Esagil-kin-apli
Esagil-kin-apli Esagil-kin-apli was a Babylonian physician who served the king during the first Babylonian dynasty early in the 2n…
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Galen
GalenAelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (129 A.D. – c. 200/c. 216), sometimes known as Galen of Pergamon, born in the ancient city…
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Herophilus Dissecting Human Cadavers
Herophilus Dissecting Human CadaversHerophilus (335–280 BC), was a Greek physician deemed to be among the earliest anatomists. Bor…
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Hippocrates
HippocratesHippocrates of Kos (c. 460 – c. 370 BC), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Cl…
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Ibn-Sina (Avicenna)
Ibn-Sina (Avicenna)Avicenna (Ibn-Sina; 980-1037) is considered as a father of modern medicine (Figure 1). It was he who first reco…
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Imhotep
ImhotepThe oldest surgical texts which describe 48 surgical cases, 27 of which are related to head injuries. It is believed that t…
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Plato The Greatest Philosophers of Antiquity
Plato The Greatest Philosophers of AntiquityPlato (424–347 BC) was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient …
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Akkadian Diagnostic Handbook
Akkadian Diagnostic HandbookAncient Assyria and Babylonia had a rich medical culture that survives partly through diverse therapeu…
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Arrow in Centre of Back
Arrow in Centre of BackThe beautiful bas-relief in the British Museum of a wounded lioness from an Assyrian Palace in Nineveh (Fig…
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Eye of Horus Mystery
Eye of Horus MysteryFor some years there was interest in the shape of the Eye of Horus, when someone looks at the shape of the eye…
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Heart Amulets in Egyptian Art
Heart Amulets in Egyptian ArtFor the ancient Egyptians, the heart (ib) was the source of intelligence, feelings, and actions. A pe…
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Nile Catfish
Nile CatfishThe Ancient Egyptians and the Greeks knew about the shocking powers of the Nile catfish and the electric ray or "torpe…
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Osiris Mummy Form Mastery
Osiris Mummy Form MasteryThe mummy of Osiris, with the traditional position of cross hand appear to match the form of the brain st…
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Plato and Aristotle Debate
Plato and Aristotle DebateIt is sometimes said that Plato attempted to understand the world through pure reasoning, whereas Aristo…
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Sphinx of the Karnack Mystery
Sphinx of the Karnack MysteryThe similarities between the shape of the Ram sphinx of Karnack and brain stem is really magical, des…
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The Canon (Law) of Medicine Medical Book
The Canon (Law) of MedicineMedical BookThe Canon of Medicine (Qanun: Law of Medicine) (Figure 1), by Ibn-Sina is one of the most f…
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The Earliest Artificial Eye
The Earliest Artificial EyeIn 2006 the archaeologists found an artificial eyeball on a female skeleton in an ancient grave of the …
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The earliest Depiction of The Brain
The Earliest Depiction of The BrainOne of a series of five drawings found in a number of Eastern and Western medical manuscripts w…
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The Elephant in Love – First Documented Anatomical Organ
The Elephant in Love – First Documented Anatomical OrganThis picture is the oldest anatomical documentary of the heart and resembl…
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Trepanning
TrepanningTrepanning is one of the earliest surgical operations knowns, and there is considerable evidence to show that it was pra…
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Neuroscience 7,000 years ago is a project funded by FENS (Federation of European Neuroscience Societies) as a part of the FENS History Committee. It also participated with a poster in the history corner of the FENS 2020 12th Forum, where the poster ranked in the top 10% of poster viewing statistics.