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Hussein Youssef

Arrow in Centre of Back

The beautiful bas-relief in the British Museum of a wounded lioness from an Assyrian Palace in Nineveh. Although Assyrian had no knowledge of the spinal cord the Babylonians and the Assyrians clearly understood

Akkadian Diagnostic Handbook

Ancient Assyria and Babylonia had a rich medical culture that survives partly through diverse therapeutic texts and a manual composed of 40 clay tablets known to modern scholars as the “Diagnostic Handbook”. These

Nile Catfish

The Ancient Egyptians and the Greeks knew about the shocking powers of the Nile catfish and the electric ray or “torpedo” (Figure 1). There is no concrete evidence, however, to show that they

Ibn-Sina (Avicenna)

Avicenna (Ibn-Sina; 980-1037) is considered as a father of modern medicine (Figure 1). It was he who first recognized ‘physiological psychology’ for the treatment of illness involving emotions. He was a pioneer in